With the rapid increase of sludge production in Chinas urban sewage treatment， the annual power generation capacity has exceeded 22 million tons. Sludge， equivalent to the capacity of the Three Gorges reservoir， nearly 80% did not get a stable and harmless disposal， easily lead to the environmental pollution of the two.

　　One side is the treatment and disposal of urgent demand， one side is eager to environmental protection industry circles， but how to find the meeting point， sludge treatment and disposal of billions when the market opened， still unsolved.

　　But "impatient" compared to the sludge under siege， dumping environment， social pressure is more urgent： 30%？ 50% of the pollutants from the sewage sludge to spend a lot of water pollutant emission reduction in shortness of breath， left unfinished".

　　From the current sludge treatment and disposal ATMP technology policy， standards， regulatory agencies， industry and other issues around the discussion of the industrys long-term development trend of the version will launch a series of reports. We dont expect the answer to your question， but an open platform to discuss， in order to promote the relevant departments， experts， enterprises and local governments together to clarify issues， provide progress thought the development of the industry.

　　Four questions of sludge

　　Respondents guests during the period (by English alphabetical order)： Professor Wang Hongchen of Renmin University of China； director of the Institute of geography and environmental remediation Research Center Chen Tang Bian， Beijing environmental protection group chairman Wen Yibo Sander； @ mud fairy industry

　　Question 1， some people think that sludge disposal is slow， because the governments attention is not enough， how do you think？

　　Wang Hongchen： I think the policy level of the sludge problem is still very important， to hear the instructions of senior leaders， the relevant ministries of the four or five countries in the past few years alone or jointly issued a number of policies. The national development and Reform Commission is also preparing a demonstration program for the subsidy of amino phosphonic acid.

　　Question 2， sludge treatment facilities？

　　Wang Hongchen： progress is too slow. Municipal Design Institute， since last year， "work" feedback is less and less， many of these projects are talking about the following. Earlier this year to pick up.

　　Question 3， sludge treatment and disposal of the slow progress of the root causes of what is the 1227？

　　Wang Hongchen： if determined to solve the problem of sludge， funds should not be the biggest problem. Sludge disposal is mainly the direction of technical lines， our differences are relatively large， there is no uniform understanding.

　　WonBin： mature technology and engineering to solve the sludge problem， the focus of policy on capital investment， including the evaluation index of sludge treatment and disposal of the local government is important， but after years of running the test case under not much more prominent problem.

　　Wen Yibo： sludge problem will depend on the determination of governments at all levels. Is not in place to invest 1227 fungicides， strict supervision.

　　See the current situation of the purpose of mud gods， I do not think that our current plight of sludge disposal to solve the problem depends on the development of sludge technology， payment mechanisms and government regulation is the key.

　　4， the current situation， the local government in the construction of sludge treatment facilities how to choose the process route？

　　Chen Tongbin： urban sewage sludge is an inevitable outcome of urban civilization and environmental civilization. Safety， scientific， standardized municipal sewage sludge twelve alkyl benzyl ammonium chloride treatment of the way of 1227， the choice of zero risk disposal proposal， but does not require unrealistic， but not unrealistic， but does not require the use of the proposed approach， but does not require the use of the proposed approach， but does not require unrealistic treatment of the two.

　　Wen Yibo： foreign mature sludge treatment and disposal technology is very different， we must adapt to specific projects， according to local conditions， combined with the local characteristics of sludge and local affordability.

　　After 30 years of sewage sludge， and finally in the "12th Five-Year" put on the agenda， the relevant planning mud and try "the idea of building and sewage treatment facilities target. Reporters learned that， as a whole， the work is still slow progress， planning facilities operating rate of less than 30%.

　　Why is it so slow？ Reporter raised this issue， many people in the industry. Antiseptic technology is not mature， lack of investment， determined not in place， all levels of government policy， the lack of standard...... a variety of factors are intertwined， repeatedly delaying the $1 billion market Liaokai mystery.

　　Why is infrastructure slow？

　　From the top of the bottom line dispute LED did not hesitate to choose local governments

　　Sludge treatment and disposal of two stages， Professor Wang Hongchen of Renmin University of China were regarded as a clear distinction， first stressed the need to resolve the problem of sludge， then push down the relevant standards， must first clear the direction of disposal， then the selection of processing technology， as well as the formation of the business model， payment. Sludge disposal is related to its ultimate goal， not a technical problem， it should be by the state specific technology enterprises. "

　　He believes that， so far， can not achieve the uniform direction of sludge disposal is an important reason for the slow progress of work. Many local governments， business losses， especially in the local government for caution， still wait and see attitude."

　　Land use， incineration and landfill...... In the end the whereabouts of the sludge problem， at present， from top to bottom， from the Department to the experts， obvious differences， even in the sludge pollutant or resources are also different views： sludge treatment and disposal of pollutants， environmental safety weight， that is the comprehensive utilization of resources， emphasis on composite bactericide.

　　Whether the land use around the sludge is concerned about this issue， the most concentrated debate. The reporter learned that， in the ministries level， the national development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of finance the construction of attitude is advocating the target of heavy metal control standards， can enter the land； Ministry of environmental protection advocates can not enter the agriculture， can be used for sand transformation， agriculture firmly opposed that， even if the standard does not play the role of. Burning routes between different departments of the dispute.

　　Why the policy is not practical enough？

　　The lack of a workable standard is the key

　　Sander said the Group Chairman Wen Bo told reporters， domestic sludge treatment and disposal as a whole in the immature stage， many technology roadmap， not a mainstream sterilization algaecide technology roadmap， can not form a good market.

　　"The introduction of relevant policies and guidance documents， in addition to the Ministry of environmental protection， the Ministry of finance， housing and other departments have also issued a number of relevant documents. In fact， almost all of the existing sludge treatment and disposal technologies mentioned in the technical standards and technical specifications， it is difficult to make a choice. Technical standards and technical specifications are necessary， but more importantly， as soon as possible to promote the mainstream technology roadmap， and the formation of a corresponding market model." Wen Yibo said.

　　In recent years， the field of sewage sludge excellent chlorine technology policy documents， the introduction of the opinions of the inter ministerial "going out" process， often repeated many people in the industry known as "compromise， rather than vague. Said east to west， South， north， respectively， how to get there， but after seeing still do not know where to go. "

　　In this regard， Wang Hongchen said， we lack a practical standard compared to some of the virtual guidance policy， a practical standard for the development of the industry more favorable. A feasibility study for the proposed land use priority of sludge sludge treatment and disposal， details of land use conditions do not consider the use of incineration and disposal of building materials， but a reasonable standard， land acquisition and combustion requirements on the environment technical guidelines for the problem is not clear， the enterprise easily confused in project practice.

　　The dispute cannot be holding pace

　　We must make decisions based on the overall and long-term interests， and find and solve the problems in practice

　　Unit dinner， dining location. Some people are afraid to do not love spicy Sichuan， some people think that Cantonese will exceed the budget， and the opposition says the health to eat barbecue. Finally， there is always a final decision on porridge or noodles. The terrible thing in sludge disposal， the lack of time to finalize the role.

　　Wang Hongchen said that the direction of sludge disposal is indeed a problem， even 30 years ago on the route， the argument still exists， the western countries than China began the sludge treatment and disposal. Significant differences in land use in the United States， the attitude of the European burning controversy. However， considering the overall situation， long-term interest， they chose to keep in practice， problem solving， industry coordination， isothiazolinones technology， regulatory and social interests have made great progress. "

　　Wang Hongchen said that although there is still controversy， but in the west， especially the United States has basically formed a more mainstream opinion after a rigorous treatment of sewage sludge land. At the same time， the government unswervingly implement the technical route， does not deny the existence of environmental risks， because of this， they completed the system to protect them， and try to control a lot of risk to a minimum.

　　"The environmental protection department of the United States every two years 503 bills (see related links) the implementation of a comprehensive and systematic assessment of the changes in sampling pollutants， check whether there is a sudden， the latest technology and progress. "

　　Wang Hongchen said.

　　Always make decisions around stakeholders， often unable to make a decision. Sludge problems， such as the decision should not hesitate. Wang Hongchen said that the dispute is a discussion between different stakeholders， the government can not be stuck in such a discussion and stalled， affecting the progress of work. Should learn from the experience of developed countries， worried about changes in pollutants in the sludge， the progress of the relevant CIT/MIT technology， the government may be at the strategic level to grasp， timely decision. "

　　The current sludge disposal purposes， national development and reform， construction， environmental protection， agriculture and forestry and other departments involved. Many industry insiders suggest that there is a leading sector or coordination mechanism.

　　Related links

　　Developed countries have established a relatively complete standard system for sludge treatment. The United States Environmental Protection Agency 40CFRPart503 method "(503)， published in February 1993， using the method of risk analysis， after 11 years of research， spent a total of $15 million， a more comprehensive formulation of land use， combustion， surface treatment of the standard. As the minimum standard of the 503 Act requires that， as of 2007， the United States has adopted more stringent laws and regulations of the 40 states.

　　Wang Hongchen comments on domestic sludge treatment and disposal

　　Sludge landfill

　　With the Domestic Landfill

　　Comment on the basic biocide method for sludge landfill and go elsewhere. Sludge and garbage miscellaneous fill， affecting the volume of landfill， while producing large amounts of methane， greenhouse efficiency of 21 times， carbon dioxide， do not meet the trend of low-carbon， is not sustainable.

　　Sludge incineration

　　At a certain temperature， and under aerobic conditions， sludge evaporation， pyrolysis， gasification and combustion stage， respectively. The oxidation of organic components (combustion) reaction of CO2 and H2O in the gas phase material， inorganic components form a solid inert material / ashing furnace slag.

　　I personally do not agree with the sludge incineration， the process of further exposure of pollutants. For example， the nuclear waste is very dangerous， but sealed lead， deep， degree of exposure to a minimum， we can effectively control the risk. But if the pollution itself is not so serious， but the extent of exposure is very high， and then the impact of the environment on the human body.

　　Sludge incineration， heavy metals through the air， water， and then exposed to the environment. Sludge incineration has no special atmospheric emission standards， is still around the relevant standards for the application of waste incineration， there are significant environmental risks.

　　Land use

　　Deep plowing， sticky soil or soil surface disposal of sludge stripping agent is stable and harmless sludge seeding， etc.. Technical guide for sludge treatment and disposal of municipal sewage treatment plants for sludge land use (for Trial Implementation).

　　Comment on the technical route of chaos， but the return of land has become the mainstream. But in strict regulation and standard conditions.

　　Sludge series report

　　sewage disposal

　　It should be aware that： sludge treatment and disposal is clearly distinguish between the two stages， respectively， to be considered. Renmin University of China professor Wang Hongchen stressed that to solve the sludge problem， we must first clear the direction of disposal， and then select the process technology. "Sludge disposal is related to their final destination， rather than a technical issue， should be determined by the State Council， the specific water treatment fungicide technology."

　　Sludge treatment

　　Municipal wastewater treatment plant sludge reduction， reduction， stabilization and harmless process.

　　Sludge disposal

　　After the treatment of sludge or sludge products in the environment or the use of the process， to achieve long-term stability， will not produce harmful effects on human health and the environment， the final dissolution.