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The use of fungicides in oil fieldsAdd time:2016-12-28
There are a large number of microorganisms， including bacteria， viruses， fungi， algae and protozoa， can promote the circulation of natural materials， but also bring great harm to oil， they may lead to equipment and pipeline and water injection well plugging can also reduce the permeability of reservoir pore， and prevent water， even they can degrade other oilfield chemicals and reduce their use of chemical substances， the efficiency of the three oil recovery yield caused by degradation of three as in enhanced oil recovery of polymer used is invalid. Therefore， several important aspects， such as drilling， oil production， oil field water treatment of oil field construction relates to fungicides， especially in the most Chinese oilfield is to use water spray， but also to ensure the production of injection bactericide. According to the relevant departments， due to the role of bacterial spoilage， oil field equipment and pipeline corrosion is very serious， some equipment than last year， corrosion perforation， oil production for a month， due to the blockage of the pipeline was forced to stop production. At present， the oil field to take "three plot" measures， including the release of fungicides. The
Currently used in oil field fungicides in domestic water and industrial circulating water treatment agent， usually use such as chlorine， sodium hypochlorite， chlorine dioxide， Potassium Permanganate and other inorganic compounds and chlorinated phenols， three chloro isocyanuric acid， ammonium salt， dithiocyanomethane， allicin and other organic compounds. According to the mechanism of sterilization， these reagents can be divided into aerobic bactericide and non oxygen bactericide. As the oil field environment and water quality requirements and the requirements of the water quality of the water and industrial circulating water environment and different types of bacteria and their different hazards， the performance requirements of fungicides are also different. Therefore， the development and development of oil field fungicides is a hot topic in the field of oilfield chemistry for many years.
Sulfate reducing bacteria， iron bacteria and saprophytic bacteria harmful to oil bacteria. Therefore， the selection of Fungicides against these bacteria. Sulfate reducing bacteria are strictly anaerobic bacteria， anaerobic respiration， that is， the oxidation of organic compounds containing carbon or hydrogen， sulfate reduction， resulting in H2S. It is the survival of the PH range is very wide， can be in 5.5 ~ 9， the oil is to methyl sulfate reducing bacteria Vibrio， mainly in groups or colonies attached on the pipe wall， it is the main harm on the metal surface depolarization effect. Due to the role of the hydrogenase， the sulfate is reduced to sulfide and nascent oxygen [O]， and [O] is depolarized to produce H2O， which accelerates the corrosion of pipelines and equipment by its depolarization. The corrosion product FeS can plug the pipeline and water injection well. Because of the greatest harm of sulfate reducing bacteria， oil production is blocked in almost every aspect. Therefore， in recent years， people have attached great importance to its research， such as the development of new strains of sulfate reducing bacteria； the scope of its oxidation of carbon containing organic compounds. This is not one of the. Iron bacteria are widely distributed over multiple bacteria， it is a kind of saprophytic bacteria， is mainly ferrous ferric， releasing energy to meet the need for survival by iron oxidation. It is aerobic heterotrophic bacteria， its harm is the equipment and pipelines to form the oxygen concentration cell and the equipment and pipeline corrosion， it can cause a lot of mucus injection and filter clogging， and it provides for sulfate reducing bacteria survival and reproduction of the environment. Saprophytic bacteria called slime forming bacteria， aerobic heterotrophic bacteria is， it secretes large amounts of mucus adhesion in pipelines and equipment， resulting in biological fouling blocking injection wells and filter， at the same time， also can produce oxygen concentration cell caused by corrosion of equipment and pipeline and to provide sulfate reducing bacteria survival and reproduction of environment etc.. Can be removed using a slime stripping agent.
Bacteria and other organisms， like environmental constraints. We choose to kill bacterial drugs， is based on the impact of growth factors：
(1) cell respiration；
(2) inhibition of protein synthesis， or damage to water membrane proteins， or proteins and electrons， in protein precipitation and loss of activity；
(3) destroy the balance of the environment inside and outside the body， so that the loss of water dry and die， or filled with water swelling and death；
(4) nucleic acid synthesis， loss and alteration of its nuclease activity. In addition， we must consider the environmental factors， and the strength of some fungicides， but not biodegradable， some agents can kill bacteria， but other bacteria cannot be used as a nutrient liquid oil sterilization.
In addition， the geological conditions and impurities in the oil field will affect the bactericidal efficacy. This is our choice， the oil field fungicides and dosage on the attention. From the current field with fungicides and its effect on the surfactant (abbreviated SAA). In particular， cationic and amphoteric quaternary ammonium compounds， can reduce the surface tension of water， removing the sludge， the synergistic effect of compatibility with other chemicals， there is a characteristic of much energy， has been widely used in oil field of fungicides. This is represented by twelve alkyl methyl benzyl chloride (commonly known as the 1227 fungicides) of the two alkyl group. The sterilization mechanism is that it can be selectively adsorbed on negatively charged bacteria， directly affect the normal function of bacterial cell surface ion cluster high concentrations of bacteria on the membrane control direct injury of cell permeability of protoplasm， so dry or charge of death. SAA fungicides produce a large amount of foam， while SAA and organic impurities such as impurities are efficient in the formation and loss of water complex. Therefore， in the use of SAA fungicides often add defoaming agent， while the wells must be clean， anti row， acidification and other strict operational management.
Currently used in oil field fungicides in domestic water and industrial circulating water treatment agent， usually use such as chlorine， sodium hypochlorite， chlorine dioxide， Potassium Permanganate and other inorganic compounds and chlorinated phenols， three chloro isocyanuric acid， ammonium salt， dithiocyanomethane， allicin and other organic compounds. According to the mechanism of sterilization， these reagents can be divided into aerobic bactericide and non oxygen bactericide. As the oil field environment and water quality requirements and the requirements of the water quality of the water and industrial circulating water environment and different types of bacteria and their different hazards， the performance requirements of fungicides are also different. Therefore， the development and development of oil field fungicides is a hot topic in the field of oilfield chemistry for many years.
Sulfate reducing bacteria， iron bacteria and saprophytic bacteria harmful to oil bacteria. Therefore， the selection of Fungicides against these bacteria. Sulfate reducing bacteria are strictly anaerobic bacteria， anaerobic respiration， that is， the oxidation of organic compounds containing carbon or hydrogen， sulfate reduction， resulting in H2S. It is the survival of the PH range is very wide， can be in 5.5 ~ 9， the oil is to methyl sulfate reducing bacteria Vibrio， mainly in groups or colonies attached on the pipe wall， it is the main harm on the metal surface depolarization effect. Due to the role of the hydrogenase， the sulfate is reduced to sulfide and nascent oxygen [O]， and [O] is depolarized to produce H2O， which accelerates the corrosion of pipelines and equipment by its depolarization. The corrosion product FeS can plug the pipeline and water injection well. Because of the greatest harm of sulfate reducing bacteria， oil production is blocked in almost every aspect. Therefore， in recent years， people have attached great importance to its research， such as the development of new strains of sulfate reducing bacteria； the scope of its oxidation of carbon containing organic compounds. This is not one of the. Iron bacteria are widely distributed over multiple bacteria， it is a kind of saprophytic bacteria， is mainly ferrous ferric， releasing energy to meet the need for survival by iron oxidation. It is aerobic heterotrophic bacteria， its harm is the equipment and pipelines to form the oxygen concentration cell and the equipment and pipeline corrosion， it can cause a lot of mucus injection and filter clogging， and it provides for sulfate reducing bacteria survival and reproduction of the environment. Saprophytic bacteria called slime forming bacteria， aerobic heterotrophic bacteria is， it secretes large amounts of mucus adhesion in pipelines and equipment， resulting in biological fouling blocking injection wells and filter， at the same time， also can produce oxygen concentration cell caused by corrosion of equipment and pipeline and to provide sulfate reducing bacteria survival and reproduction of environment etc.. Can be removed using a slime stripping agent.
Bacteria and other organisms， like environmental constraints. We choose to kill bacterial drugs， is based on the impact of growth factors：
(1) cell respiration；
(2) inhibition of protein synthesis， or damage to water membrane proteins， or proteins and electrons， in protein precipitation and loss of activity；
(3) destroy the balance of the environment inside and outside the body， so that the loss of water dry and die， or filled with water swelling and death；
(4) nucleic acid synthesis， loss and alteration of its nuclease activity. In addition， we must consider the environmental factors， and the strength of some fungicides， but not biodegradable， some agents can kill bacteria， but other bacteria cannot be used as a nutrient liquid oil sterilization.
In addition， the geological conditions and impurities in the oil field will affect the bactericidal efficacy. This is our choice， the oil field fungicides and dosage on the attention. From the current field with fungicides and its effect on the surfactant (abbreviated SAA). In particular， cationic and amphoteric quaternary ammonium compounds， can reduce the surface tension of water， removing the sludge， the synergistic effect of compatibility with other chemicals， there is a characteristic of much energy， has been widely used in oil field of fungicides. This is represented by twelve alkyl methyl benzyl chloride (commonly known as the 1227 fungicides) of the two alkyl group. The sterilization mechanism is that it can be selectively adsorbed on negatively charged bacteria， directly affect the normal function of bacterial cell surface ion cluster high concentrations of bacteria on the membrane control direct injury of cell permeability of protoplasm， so dry or charge of death. SAA fungicides produce a large amount of foam， while SAA and organic impurities such as impurities are efficient in the formation and loss of water complex. Therefore， in the use of SAA fungicides often add defoaming agent， while the wells must be clean， anti row， acidification and other strict operational management.
